Watering a Garden

Plants need water to grow, but too much or too little water can cause problems like:

Wilting or yellow leaves

Rotting roots

Poor fruit or vegetable production

Pests and diseases

With a little attention and the right approach, you can help your plants stay healthy all season long. Most of these problems can come from too much or too little watering – the best way to figure out which is causing the problem is by checking the soil for moisture. If the soil is dry two inches beneath the soil the garden may be over watered. If it is dry, it is probably underwatered.

When Should You Water?

Early morning is best. Watering before the sun gets too hot helps plants absorb moisture before it evaporates.

Evening is the next best option if mornings aren’t possible, but avoid wetting the leaves too much to prevent mildew or disease overnight.

Avoid midday if possible—the water can evaporate quickly, and sudden cold water on hot roots can shock the plant.

How Often Should You Water?

It depends on the weather and the type of plants you're growing:

Most garden beds need about 1 inch of water per week, including rain.

In hot or windy weather, your plants will need water every day. If it is cool, they should be watered every other day. If it rains, it probably does not need to be watered. Check the day after a rain to see if the soil is dry or moist. If dry, it should be watered.

Stick your finger about 1–2 inches into the soil. If it’s dry at that depth, it’s time to water.

Young seedlings and new transplants need more frequent, gentle watering until they establish roots.

How to Water Effectively

Water at the base of the plant.

Aim for the roots, not the leaves. Wet leaves can invite mold and disease.

Water deeply, not just a little on top.

A deep soak encourages roots to grow downward, making stronger plants.

Use a gentle spray or watering can.

A strong blast from a hose can damage plants or wash away soil.

Adding mulch such as straw, leaves, or wood chips around your plants helps the soil stay cool and damp longer.

Adding fertilizer to your water once a week can help improve your crop.